"Nobel Prize in Medicine" Jules Hoffmann Signed Announcement For Sale

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"Nobel Prize in Medicine" Jules Hoffmann Signed Announcement:
$104.99

Up for sale the "Nobel Prize in Medicine" Jules Hoffmann Hand Signed Announcement Dated 1989.

ES-1384B

Jules

A. ɔfman]; born 2 August

1941) is a Luxembourg-born French biologist. During his youth, growing up

in Luxembourg, he developed a strong interest in insects under

the influence of his father, Jos Hoffmann. This eventually resulted in the

younger Hoffmann's dedication to the field of biology using insects as model

organisms. He currently holds a faculty position at

the University of Strasbourg. He is a research director and member of the

board of administrators of the National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS)

in Strasbourg, France. He was elected to the positions of

Vice-President (2005-2006) and President (2007-2008) of the French Academy of Sciences. Hoffmann and Bruce Beutler were jointly awarded a half share of the

2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology

or Medicine for "their discoveries concerning the

activation of innate immunity,". [More specifically, the work showing increased

Drosomycin expression following activation of Toll pathway in microbial

infection.] Hoffmann and Lemaitre discovered the function of the immunity. Its

mammalian homologs, the Toll-like receptors, were

discovered by Beutler. Toll-like receptors identify constituents of other

organisms like fungi and bacteria, and trigger an immune response, explaining,

for example, how septic shock can be

triggered by bacterial remains. Jules Hoffmann went to the Lycée de Garçons de

Luxembourg before leaving to France. Hoffmann received

undergraduate degrees in biology and chemistry at the University of Strasbourg,

France. In 1969, he completed his Ph.D. in biology also at the University of Strasbourg under

Pierre Joly in Laboratory of General Biology at the Institute of Zoology. His post-doctoral training was at the Institut

für Physiologische Chemie at Philipps-Universität in Marburg an der Lahn, Germany, in 1973–1974. During his Ph.D. program under Pierre

Joly, Hoffmann started his research in studying antimicrobial defenses in

grasshoppers, inspired by the previous works done in the laboratory of Pierre

Joly showing that no opportunistic infections were apparent in insects after

the transplantation of certain organs from one to another. Hoffmann confirmed discovery of phagocytosis

done by Eli Metchnikoff, through

injection of Bacillus thuringiensis and

observation of increase of phagocytes. In addition, he showed strong correlation

between hematopoiesis and antimicrobial defenses by assessing the

susceptibility of an insect to the microbial infection after X-ray treatment. Hoffmann shifts from using grasshopper model to

using dipteran species in the 80s. By using Phormia

terranovae, Hoffmann and his colleagues were able to identify

82-residues long antimicrobial polypeptide named Diptericin which was glycine-rich, along with other

polypeptides in Drosophila and Attacin. Further molecular genetic analysis revealed

that the promoters for the genes encoding these antimicrobial peptides

contained DNA sequences similar to the binding elements for NF-κB in mammalian

DNA. Dorsal gene, critical in dorso-ventral patterning in the

early embryo of Drosophila melanogaster was also identified to

be in this NF-κB family. It was initially speculated by Hoffmann and colleagues

that activity of Dorsal was directly linked to the expression of the Diptericin gene.

However, it turned out that Diptericin was normally induced even in Further conducted research

showed that Diptericin expression was dependent on the expression of imd gene.

Identification of another antifungal peptide named Drosomycin and RNA blots

demonstrated that two distinct pathways(Toll, Imd) exist, involving Drosomycin

and Diptericin respectively. Similarities of structure and function between

several members in the Drosophila embryo and members in mammals being noted,

study "The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults" by Lemaitre and

Hoffmann in 1996 illuminated the possible existing innate immunity in

Drosophila in response to fungal challenge. Later works identified that Toll

transmembrane receptors are present in a wide variety of phyla and are

conserved through evolution along with conservation of NF-κB was a research assistant at CNRS from 1964 to 1968, and became a

research associate in 1969. Since 1974 he has been a Research Director of CNRS.

Between 1978 and 2005 he was Director of the CNRS research unit "Immune

Response and Development in Insects", and from 1994 to 2005 he was

director of the Institute of

Molecular and Cellular Biology of CNRS in Strasbourg. Hoffmann

is a member of the German

Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the French Academy of Sciences,

the Academia Biology Organization (EMBO), the United

States National Academy of Sciences, the American

Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Fondation Écologie d'Avenir and the Russian Academy of

Sciences. Hoffmann became a Commander of the Legion of Honour in 2012. In 2015, Hoffmann

signed the Mainau Declaration 2015 on Climate

Change on the final day of the 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate

Meeting. The declaration was signed by a total of 76 Nobel Laureates

and handed to then-President of the French Republic, François Hollande, as part

of the successful COP21 climate summit in

Paris. 

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