1950 Israel THE WIZARD OF OZ Children HEBREW BOOK Judaica JEWISH Scarce EDITION for Sale

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1950 Israel THE WIZARD OF OZ Children HEBREW BOOK Judaica JEWISH Scarce EDITION For Sale

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1950 Israel THE WIZARD OF OZ Children HEBREW BOOK Judaica JEWISH Scarce EDITION:
$115.00

DESCRIPTION : This VERY EARLY and UNCOMMON Hebrew shortened edition of\"THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ\" by L. FRANK BAUM was published in Israel ca 1950\'s - 1960\'sin a very small edition. Its ORIGINAL NAME was entirely changed .The new Hebrew name is\" NURIT ( Buttercup ) and the WIZZARD OZ \". EXTREMELY RARE !!!. The COLORED illustrated design of the HC and INNER ILLUSTRATIONS is original , Made by the Israeli illustrator IZA HERSHKOWITZ especialy for this Hebrew edition .The bookis illustrated with COLORED and B&W illustrations . Hebrew .Original illustrated HC . 7\" x 6.5\" . 36pp. Quite good used condition. Tightly bound. Cover wear. Reinforced spine.( Pls look at scan for images ) .Will besent inside a protective rigid packaging .

AUTHENTICITY: Thisis anORIGINALvintage 1950\'s - 1960\'s book , NOTa recent editionor a reprint , It holds a life long GUARANTEEfor its AUTHENTICITY and ORIGINALITY.

PAYMENTS : Payment method accepted : Paypal .SHIPPMENT : Shipp worldwide via registered airmail is$ 29 .Book will be sent inside a protective packaging . Handling around 5-10 days after payment.

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz(/ɒz/) is an Americanchildren\'s novelwritten by authorL. Frank Baumand illustrated byW.W. Denslow, originally published by theGeorge M. Hill Companyin Chicago on May 17, 1900.[1]It has since seen several reprints, most often under the titleThe Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular1902 Broadway musical adaptationas well as the iconic1939 musical film adaptation.The story chronicles the adventures of a young farm girl namedDorothyin the magicalLand of Oz, after she and her pet dogTotoare swept away from theirKansashome by acyclone.[nb 1]The book is one of the best-known stories in American literature and has been widely translated. TheLibrary of Congresshas declared it \"America\'s greatest and best-loved homegrown fairytale.\" Its groundbreaking success and the success of the Broadway musical adapted from the novel led Baum to write thirteen additionalOz booksthat serve as official sequels to the first story.Baum dedicated the book \"to my good friend & comrade, My Wife,\"Maud Gage Baum. In January 1901, George M. Hill Company completed printing the first edition, a total of 10,000 copies, which quickly sold out. It sold three million copies by the time it entered thepublic domainin 1956.1900 first edition cover, published by theGeorge M. Hill Company, Chicago, New York1900 edition original back coverContents1 Publication2 Plot3 Illustration and design4 Sources of images and ideas4.1 The Land of Oz and other locations4.2 Alice\'s Adventures in Wonderland4.3 American fantasy story4.4 Baum\'s personal life4.5 Influence of Denslow4.6 Allusions to 19th-century America5 Cultural impact6 Critical response7 Editions8 Sequels9 Adaptations10 See also11 Notes and references12 External linksPublication[edit]The book was published byGeorge M. Hill Company. The first edition had a printing of 10,000 copies and was sold in advance of the publication date of September 1, 1900. On May 17, 1900, the first copy came off the press; Baum assembled it by hand and presented it to his sister, Mary Louise Baum Brewster. The public saw it for the first time at a book fair atthe Palmer Housein Chicago, July 5–20. Its copyright was registered on August 1; full distribution followed in September.[2]By October 1900, it had already sold out and the second edition of 15,000 copies was nearly depleted.[3]In a letter to his brother, Harry, Baum wrote that the book\'s publisher, George M. Hill, predicted a sale of about 250,000 copies. In spite of this favorable conjecture, Hill did not initially predict that the book would be phenomenally successful. He agreed to publish the book only when the manager of the Chicago Grand Opera House, Fred R. Hamlin, committed to making it into a musical stage play to publicize the novel. The playThe Wizard of Ozdebuted on June 16, 1902. It was revised to suit adult preferences and was crafted as a \"musical extravaganza,\" with the costumes modeled after Denslow\'s drawings. Hill\'s publishing company became bankrupt in 1901, so Baum and Denslow agreed to have the Indianapolis-basedBobbs-Merrill Companyresume publishing the novel.[4]Baum\'s son,Harry Neal, told theChicago Tribunein 1944 that Baum told his children \"whimsical stories before they became material for his books.\" Harry called his father the \"swellest man I knew,\" a man who was able to give a decent reason as to whyblack birds cooked in a piecould afterwards get out and sing.[5]By 1938, more than one million copies of the book had been printed.[6]By 1956, the sales of it had grown to three million copies in print.[4]Plot[edit]Dorothyis a young girl who lives with herAunt Em,Uncle Henry, and dog,Toto, on a farm on the Kansas prairie. One day, she and Toto are caught up in acyclonethat deposits them and the farmhouse intoMunchkin Countryin the magicalLand of Oz. The falling house has killed theWicked Witch of the East, the evil ruler of theMunchkins. TheGood Witch of the Northarrives with three grateful Munchkins and gives Dorothy the magicalsilver shoesthat once belonged to the Wicked Witch. The Good Witch tells Dorothy that the only way she can return home is to follow theyellow brick roadto theEmerald Cityand ask the great and powerfulWizard of Ozto help her. As Dorothy embarks on her journey, the Good Witch of the North kisses her on the forehead, giving her magical protection from harm.On her way down the yellow brick road, Dorothy attends a banquet held by a Munchkin namedBoq. The next day, she frees aScarecrowfrom the pole on which he is hanging, applies oil from a can to the rusted joints of aTin Woodman, and meets aCowardly Lion. The Scarecrow wants a brain, the Tin Woodman wants a heart, and the Cowardly Lion wants courage, so Dorothy encourages them to journey with her and Toto to the Emerald City to ask for help from the Wizard. After several adventures, the travelers arrive at the Emerald City and meet theGuardian of the Gates, who asks them to wear green tinted spectacles to keep their eyes from being blinded by the city\'s brilliance. Each one is called to see the Wizard. He appears to Dorothy as a giant head, to the Scarecrow as a lovely lady, to the Tin Woodman as a terrible beast, and to the Cowardly Lion as a ball of fire. He agrees to help them all if they kill theWicked Witch of the West, who rules overWinkie Country. The Guardian warns them that no one has ever managed to defeat the witch.The Wicked Witch of the West sees the travelers approaching with her one telescopic eye. She sends a pack of wolves to tear them to pieces, but the Tin Woodman kills them with his axe. She sends wild crows to peck their eyes out, but the Scarecrow kills them by breaking their necks. She summons a swarm of black bees to sting them, but they are killed while trying to sting the Tin Woodman while the Scarecrow\'s straw hides the others. She sends a dozen of her Winkie slaves to attack them, but the Cowardly Lion stands firm to repel them. Finally, she uses the power of her Golden Cap to send theWinged Monkeysto capture Dorothy, Toto, and the Cowardly Lion, unstuff the Scarecrow, and dent the Tin Woodman. Dorothy is forced to become the witch\'s personal slave, while the witch schemes to steal her silver shoes.The Wicked Witch melts, from theW.W. Denslowillustration of the first edition (1900).The witch successfully tricks Dorothy out of one of her silver shoes. Angered, she throws a bucket of water at the witch and is shocked to see her melt away. The Winkies rejoice at being freed from her tyranny and help restuff the Scarecrow and mend the Tin Woodman. They ask the Tin Woodman to become their ruler, which he agrees to do after helping Dorothy return to Kansas. Dorothy finds the witch\'s Golden Cap and summons the Winged Monkeys to carry her and her friends back to the Emerald City. The King of the Winged Monkeys tells how he and his band are bound by an enchantment to the cap by the sorceressGayelettefrom the North, and that Dorothy may use it to summon them two more times.When Dorothy and her friends meet the Wizard of Oz again, Toto tips over a screen in a corner of the throne room that reveals the Wizard. He sadly explains he is a humbug—an ordinary old man who, by a hot air balloon, came to Oz long ago fromOmaha. He provides the Scarecrow with a head full of bran, pins, and needles (\"a lot of bran-new brains\"), the Tin Woodman with a silk heart stuffed with sawdust, and the Cowardly Lion a potion of \"courage\". Their faith in his power gives these items a focus for their desires. He decides to take Dorothy and Toto home and then go back to Omaha in his balloon. At the send-off, he appoints the Scarecrow to rule in his stead, which he agrees to do after helping Dorothy return to Kansas. Toto chases a kitten in the crowd and Dorothy goes after him, but the ropes holding the balloon break and the Wizard floats away.Dorothy summons the Winged Monkeys and tells them to carry her and Toto home, but they explain they can\'t cross the desert surrounding Oz. TheSoldier with the Green Whiskersinforms Dorothy thatGlinda, the Good Witch of the Southmay be able to help her return home, so the travelers begin their journey to see Glinda\'s castle inQuadling Country. On the way, the Lion kills a giant spider who is terrorizing the animals in a forest. They ask him to become their king, which he agrees to do after helping Dorothy return to Kansas. Dorothy summons the Winged Monkeys a third time to fly them over a hill to Glinda\'s castle. Glinda greets them and reveals that Dorothy\'s silver shoes can take her anywhere she wishes to go. She embraces her friends, all of whom will be returned to their new kingdoms through Glinda\'s three uses of the Golden Cap: the Scarecrow to the Emerald City, the Tin Woodman to Winkie Country, and the Lion to the forest; after which the cap will be given to the King of the Winged Monkeys, freeing him and his band. Dorothy takes Toto in her arms, knocks her heels together three times, and wishes to return home. Instantly, she begins whirling through the air and rolling on the grass of the Kansas prairie, up to the farmhouse. She runs to Aunt Em, saying \"I\'m so glad to be home again!\"Illustration and design[edit]The book was illustrated by Baum\'s friend and collaboratorW. W. Denslow, who also co-held the copyright. The design was lavish for the time, with illustrations on many pages, backgrounds in different colors, and several color plate illustrations.[7]In September 1900, TheGrand Rapids Heraldwrote that Denslow\'s illustrations are \"quite as much of the story as in the writing\". The editorial opined that had it not been for Denslow\'s pictures, the readers would be unable to picture precisely the figures of Dorothy, Toto, and the other characters.[8]The distinctive look led to imitators at the time, most notably Eva Katherine Gibson\'sZauberlinda, the Wise Witch, which mimicked both the typography and the illustration design ofOz.[9]The typeface was the newly designedMonotype Old Style. Denslow\'s illustrations were so well known that merchants of many products obtained permission to use them to promote their wares. The forms of the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, the Cowardly Lion, the Wizard, and Dorothy were made into rubber and metal sculptures. Costume jewelry, mechanical toys, and soap were also designed using their figures.[10]A new edition of the book appeared in 1944, with illustrations by Evelyn Copelman.[11]Although it was claimed that the new illustrations were based on Denslow\'s originals, they more closely resemble the characters as seen in the famous1939 film versionof Baum\'s book.[12]Sources of images and ideas[edit]Dorothy meets theCowardly Lion, from the first editionBaum acknowledged the influence of theBrothers GrimmandHans Christian Andersen, which he was deliberately revising in his \"American fairy tales\" to include the wonder without the horrors.[13]The Land of Oz and other locations[edit]Local legend has it that Oz, also known as The Emerald City, was inspired by a prominent castle-like building in the community of Castle Park nearHolland, Michigan, where Baum lived during the summer. The yellow brick road was derived from a road at that time paved by yellow bricks, located in Peekskill, New York, where Baum attended the Peekskill Military Academy. Baum scholars often refer to the1893 Chicago World\'s Fair(the \"White City\") as an inspiration for the Emerald City. Other legends suggest that the inspiration came from theHotel Del Coronadonear San Diego, California. Baum was a frequent guest at the hotel and had written several of the Oz books there.[14]In a 1903 interview withPublishers Weekly,[15]Baum said that the name \"OZ\" came from his file cabinet labeled \"O–Z\".[16]Some critics have suggested that Baum may have been inspired byAustralia, a relatively new country at the time of the book\'s original publication. Australia is often colloquially spelled or referred to as \"Oz\". Furthermore, inOzma of Oz(1907), Dorothy gets back to Oz as the result of a storm at sea while she and Uncle Henry are traveling by ship to Australia. Like Australia, Oz is an island continent somewhere to the west ofCaliforniawith inhabited regions bordering on a great desert. One might imagine that Baum intended Oz to be Australia, or perhaps a magical land in the center of the great Australian desert.[17]Alice\'s Adventures in Wonderland[edit]Another influence lay inLewis Carroll\'sAlice\'s Adventures in Wonderland. A September 1900 review in theGrand Rapids HeraldcalledThe Wonderful Wizard of Oza \"veritableAlice in Wonderlandbrought up to the present day standard of juvenile literature\".[8]Baum found Carroll\'s plots incoherent, but he identified the books\' source of popularity asAliceherself, a child with whom the child readers could identify; this influenced his choice of a protagonist.[13]Baum was also influenced by Carroll\'s belief that children\'s books should have many pictures and be pleasurable to read. Carroll rejected the Victorian-era ideology that children\'s books should be saturated withmorals, instead believing that children should be allowed to be children. Building on Carroll\'s style of numerous images accompanying the text, Baum combined the conventional features of afairy tale(witchesandwizards) with the well-known things in his readers\' lives (scarecrowsandcornfields).[18]American fantasy story[edit]The Wonderful Wizard of Ozis considered the first American fairy tale because of its references to clear American locations such as Kansas and Omaha. Baum agreed with authors such as Carroll that fantasy literature was important for children, along with numerous illustrations, but he also wanted to create a story that had recognizable American elements in it, such as farming and industrialization.[19]Baum\'s personal life[edit]Many of the characters, props, and ideas in the novel were drawn from Baum\'s experiences. As a child, Baum frequently had nightmares of a scarecrow pursuing him across a field. Moments before the scarecrow\'s \"ragged hay fingers\" nearly gripped his neck, it would fall apart before his eyes. Decades later, as an adult, Baum integrated his tormentor into the novel as the Scarecrow.[20]According to his son Harry, the Tin Woodman was born from Baum\'s attraction to window displays. He wished to make something captivating for the window displays, so he used an eclectic assortment of scraps to craft a striking figure. From a washboiler he made a body, from bolted stovepipes he made arms and legs, and from the bottom of a saucepan he made a face. Baum then placed a funnel hat on the figure, which ultimately became the Tin Woodman.[21]John D. Rockefellerwas the nemesis of Baum\'s father, an oil baron who declined to purchaseStandard Oilshares in exchange for selling his own oil refinery. Baum scholar Evan I. Schwartz posited that Rockefeller inspired one of the Wizard\'s numerous faces. In one scene in the novel, the Wizard is seen as a \"tyrannical, hairless head\". When Rockefeller was 54 years old, the medical conditionalopeciacaused him to lose every strand of hair on his head, making people fearful of speaking to him.[22]In the early 1880s, Baum\'s playMatcheswas being performed when a \"flicker from a kerosene lantern sparked the rafters\", causing the Baum opera house to be consumed by flames. Scholar Evan I. Schwartz suggested that this might have inspired the Scarecrow\'s severest terror: \"There is only one thing in the world I am afraid of. A lighted match.\"[23]In 1890, Baum lived inAberdeen, Dakota Territory, which was experiencing a drought, and he wrote a witty story in his \"Our Landlady\" column in Aberdeen\'sThe Saturday Pioneer[24]about a farmer who gave green goggles to his horses, causing them to believe that the wood chips that they were eating were pieces of grass. Similarly, the Wizard made the people in the Emerald City wear green goggles so that they would believe that their city was built from emeralds.[25]During Baum\'s short stay in Aberdeen, the dissemination of myths about the plentiful West continued. However, the West, instead of being a wonderland, turned into a wasteland because of a drought and a depression. In 1891, Baum moved his family from South Dakota to Chicago. At that time, Chicago was getting ready for theWorld\'s Columbian Expositionin 1893. Scholar Laura Barrett stated that Chicago was \"considerably more akin to Oz than to Kansas\". After discovering that the myths about the West\'s incalculable riches were baseless, Baum created \"an extension of the American frontier in Oz\". In many respects, Baum\'s creation is similar to the actual frontier save for the fact that the West was still undeveloped at the time. The Munchkins Dorothy encounters at the beginning of the novel represent farmers, as do the Winkies she later meets.[26]Baum\'s wife frequently visited her niece, Dorothy Louise Gage. The infant became gravely sick and died on November 11, 1898, from \"congestion of the brain\" at exactly five months. When the baby, whom Maud adored as the daughter she never had, died, she was devastated and needed to consume medicine.[27]To assuage her distress, Frank made his protagonist ofThe Wonderful Wizard of Oza female named Dorothy.[28]Uncle Henrywas modeled after Henry Gage, his wifeMaud\'s father. Bossed around by his wifeMatilda, Henry rarely dissented with her. He flourished in business, though, and his neighbors looked up to him. Likewise, Uncle Henry was a \"passive but hard-working man\" who \"looked stern and solemn, and rarely spoke\".[29]The witches in the novel were influenced by witch-hunting research gathered by Baum\'s mother-in-law, Matilda. The stories of barbarous acts against accused witches scared Baum. Two key events in the novel involve wicked witches who both meet their death through metaphorical means.[30]Baum held different jobs, moved a lot, and was exposed to many people, so the inspiration for the story could have been taken from many different aspects of his life.[31]In the introduction to the story, Baum writes that \"it aspires to being a modernized fairy tale, in which the wonderment and joy are retained and the heart-aches and nightmares are left out.\"[32]This is one of the explanations that he gives for the inspiration forThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Baum, a former salesman of china, wrote in chapter 20 about china that had sprung to life.[25]Influence of Denslow[edit]The original illustrator of the novel,W. W. Denslow, could also have influenced the story and the way it has been interpreted. Baum and Denslow had a close working relationship and worked together to create the presentation of the story through the images and the text. Color is an important element of the story and is present throughout the images, with each chapter having a different color representation. Denslow also added characteristics to his drawings that Baum never described. For example, Denslow drew a house and the gates of the Emerald City with faces on them. In the later Oz books,John R. Neill, who illustrated all of the sequels, continued to include these faces on gates.[33]Allusions to 19th-century America[edit]See also:Political interpretations of The Wonderful Wizard of OzBaum did not offer any conclusive proof that he intended his novel to be a political allegory. Historian Ranjit S. Dighe wrote that for 60 years after the book\'s publication, \"virtually nobody\" had such an interpretation untilHenry Littlefield, a high-school teacher.[34]In his 1964American Quarterlyarticle, \"The Wizard of Oz: Parable on Populism\",[35]Littlefield posited that the book contained an allegory of the late 19th-centurybimetallismdebate regarding monetary policy.[36]Littlefield\'s thesis achieved some support, but has been strenuously attacked by others.[37][38][39]Cultural impact[edit]The Wonderful Wizard of Ozhas become an established part of multiple cultures, spreading from its early young American readership to becoming known throughout the world. It has been translated or adapted into well over fifty languages, at times being modified in local variations. For instance, in some abridged Indian editions, the Tin Woodman was replaced with a horse.[40]In Russia, a translation byAlexander Melentyevich Volkovproduced six books,The Wizard of the Emerald Cityseries, which became progressively distanced from the Baum version, as Ellie and her dog Totoshka travel throughout the Magic Land. The 1939film adaptationhas become a classic of popular culture, shown annually on American television from 1959 to 1991 and then several times a year every year beginning in 1999.[41]More recently, the story has become anAmerican stage productionwith an all-black cast, set in the context of modernAfrican-American culture.[42][43]There were severalHebrewtranslations published inIsrael. As established in the first translation and kept in later ones, the book\'sLand of Ozwas rendered in Hebrew asEretz Uz(ארץ עוץ) - i.e. the same as the original Hebrew name of the BiblicalLand of Uz, homeland ofJob. Thus, for Hebrew readers, this translators\' choice added a layer of Biblical connotations absent from the English original.[citation needed]Critical response[edit]This last story ofThe Wizardis ingeniously woven out of commonplace material. It is, of course, an extravaganza, but will surely be found to appeal strongly to child readers as well as to the younger children, to whom it will be read by mothers or those having charge of the entertaining of children. There seems to be an inborn love of stories in child minds, and one of the most familiar and pleading requests of children is to be told another story.The drawing as well as the introduced color work vies with the texts drawn, and the result has been a book that rises far above the average children\'s book of today, high as is the present standard....The book has a bright and joyous atmosphere, and does not dwell upon killing and deeds of violence. Enough stirring adventure enters into it, however, to flavor it with zest, and it will indeed be strange if there be a normal child who will not enjoy the story.The New York Times, September 8, 1900[44]The Wonderful Wizard of Ozreceived positive critical reviews upon release. In a September 1900 review,The New York Timespraised the novel, writing that it would appeal to child readers and to younger children who could not read yet. The review also praised the illustrations for being a pleasant complement to the text.[44]During the first 50 years afterThe Wonderful Wizard of Oz\'s publication in 1900, it received little critical analysis from scholars of children\'s literature. According to Ruth Berman ofScience Fiction Studies, the lists of suggested reading published for juvenile readers never contained Baum\'s work. The lack of interest stemmed from the scholars\' misgivings about fantasy, as well as to their belief that lengthy series had little literary merit.[45]It has frequently come under fire over the years. In 1957, the director of Detroit\'s libraries bannedThe Wonderful Wizard of Ozfor having \"no value\" for children of his day, for supporting \"negativism\", and for bringing children\'s minds to a \"cowardly level\". ProfessorRussel B. NyeofMichigan State Universitycountered that \"if the message of the Oz books—love, kindness, and unselfishness make the world a better place—seems of no value today\", then maybe the time is ripe for \"reassess[ing] a good many other things besides the Detroit library\'s approved list of children\'s books\".[46]In 1986, seven Fundamentalist Christian families in Tennessee opposed the novel\'s inclusion in the public school syllabus and filed a lawsuit.[47][48]They based their opposition to the novel on its depicting benevolent witches and promoting the belief that integral human attributes were \"individually developed rather than God given\".[48]One parent said, \"I do not want my children seduced into godless supernaturalism\".[49]Other reasons included the novel\'s teaching that females are equal to males and that animals are personified and can speak. The judge ruled that when the novel was being discussed in class, the parents were allowed to have their children leave the classroom.[47]Leonard Everett Fisher ofThe Horn Book Magazinewrote in 2000 thatOzhas \"a timeless message from a less complex era, and it continues to resonate\". The challenge of valuing oneself during impending adversity has not, Fisher noted, lessened during the prior 100 years.[50]In a 2002 review, Bill Delaney ofSalem Presspraised Baum for giving children the opportunity to discover magic in the mundane things in their everyday lives. He further commended Baum for teaching \"millions of children to love reading during their crucial formative years\".[18]TheLibrary of Congresshas declaredThe Wonderful Wizard of Ozto be \"America\'s greatest and best-loved homegrown fairytale\", also naming it the first American fantasy for children and one of the most-read children\'s books.[51]Editions[edit]After George M. Hill\'s bankruptcy in 1902, copyright in the book passed to theBobbs-Merrill Company. The editions they published lacked most of the in-text color and color plates of the original. It was not until the book entered the public domain in 1956 that new editions, either with the original color plates, or new illustrations, proliferated. Notable among them are the 1986 Pennyroyal edition illustrated byBarry Moser, which was reprinted by theUniversity of California Press, and the 2000Annotated Wizard of Ozedited byMichael Patrick Hearn, which was published byW.W. Nortonand included all the original color illustrations, as well as supplemental artwork byDenslow. Other centennial editions includedUniversity Press of Kansas\'sKansas Centennial Edition, illustrated byMichael McCurdywith black-and-white illustrations, andRobert Sabuda\'spop-up book.Sequels[edit]See also:List of Oz booksBaum wroteThe Wonderful Wizard of Ozwithout any thought of a sequel. After reading the novel, thousands of children wrote letters to him, requesting that he craft another story about Oz. In 1904, he wrote and published the first sequel,The Marvelous Land of Oz, explaining that he grudgingly wrote the sequel to address the popular demand.[52]Baum also wrote sequels in 1907, 1908, and 1909. In his 1911The Emerald City of Oz, he wrote that he could not continue writing sequels because Ozland had lost contact with the rest of the world. The children refused to accept this story, so Baum, in 1913 and every year thereafter until his death in May 1919, wrote anOzbook, ultimately writing 13 sequels. TheChicago Tribune\'s Russell MacFall wrote that Baum explained the purpose of his novels in a note he penned to his sister, Mary Louise Brewster, in a copy ofMother Goose in Prose(1897), his first book. He wrote, \"To please a child is a sweet and a lovely thing that warms one\'s heart and brings its own reward.\"[4]After Baum\'s death in 1919, Baum\'s publishers delegated the creation of more sequels toRuth Plumly Thompsonwho wrote 21.[18]An originalOzbook was published every Christmas between 1913 and 1942.[53]By 1956, five million copies of theOzbooks had been published in the English language, while hundreds of thousands had been published in eight foreign languages.[4]Adaptations[edit]Main article:Adaptations of The Wizard of OzJudy GarlandasDorothydiscovering that she and Toto are no longer inKansasThe Wonderful Wizard of Ozhas been adapted to other media numerous times, most famously inThe Wizard of Oz, the 1939 film starringJudy Garland,Ray Bolger,Jack Haley, andBert Lahr. Until this version, the book had inspired a number of now less well known stage and screen adaptations, including a profitable1902 Broadway musicaland three silent films. The 1939 film was considered innovative because of its songs,special effects, and revolutionary use of the newTechnicolor.[54]The story has been translated into other languages (at least once without permission) and adapted into comics several times. Following the lapse of the original copyright, the characters have been adapted and reused in spin-offs, unofficial sequels, and reinterpretations, some of which have been controversial in their treatment of Baum\'s characters.[55] 4692/171