US SPACE FORCE BADGES, MEDALS, PATCHES ,RIBBONS - LOOK LOT HERE For Sale

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US SPACE FORCE BADGES, MEDALS, PATCHES ,RIBBONS - LOOK LOT HERE:
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29 August 2019 – present (4years, 7months)
(Second incarnation)

• Joint Meritorious Unit Whiting,USSFDeputy CommanderLTGThomas L. James, USACommand Senior Enlisted LeaderCMSgtJacob C. Simmons, USSF[5]InsigniaFlag

  TheUnited States Space Command(USSPACECOMorSPACECOM) is aunified combatant commandof theUnited States Department of Defense, responsible for military operations inouter space, specifically all operations 100 kilometers (62 miles) and greater above meansea level. U.S. Space Command is responsible for the operational employment of space forces that are provided by the uniformed services of theDepartment of Defense.[6]

  Space Command was originally created in September 1985 to provide joint command and control for all military forces in outer space and coordinate with the other combatant commands. SPACECOM was disestablished in 2002, and its responsibilities and forces were merged intoUnited States Strategic Command.[7]It was reestablished on 29 August 2019, with a reemphasized focus on space as a warfighting domain.

  TheU.S. Space Forceis the military service responsible for organizing, training, and equipping the majority of forces for U.S. Space Command, which also includes a smaller number of forces from each of the other branches of theU.S. Armed Forces.

  Mission[edit]

  U.S. Space Command, working with allies and partners, plans, executes, and integrates military spacepower into multi-domain global operations in order to deter aggression, defend national interests, and when necessary, defeat threats.[8]

  U.S. Space Command has four "space truths" that provide the foundation for its vision and operations:[9]

  Space is a vital interest that is integral to the American way of life and national security.
  • Space superiority enables the Joint Force to rapidly transition from competition to conflict and prevail in a global, all-domain fight.
  • Space warfighters generate the combat power to win in space.
  • Space provides the warfighter a combat advantage from the ultimate high ground to the last tactical mile.
  History[edit]Early military space defense[edit]Program 437PGM-17 Thoranti-satellite missiles

  Early military space activities were predominantly focused on research and development, rather than operations, and split across the Air Force, Army, and Navy. In 1959, AdmiralArleigh Burkeproposed the creation of the Defense Astronautical Agency to control all military space programs. This proposal was supported by the Army and Navy, but opposed by the Air Force.[10]

  Arguing that space defense was an extension of air defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff ultimately agreed with the Air Force, putting operational control of space defense forces under the unifiedContinental Air Defense Commandand multinationalNorth American Air Defense Commandin 1960. In 1975, Continental Air Defense Command was inactivated and replaced withAerospace Defense Command(ADCOM), a specified command led by the Air Force. In 1981, North American Air Defense Command changed its name to North American Aerospace Defense Command to better reflect its role in both air and space defense.[10]

  Strategic Defense Initiative and the first U.S. Space Command[edit]First U.S. Space Command service componentsNameHeadquartersDatesArmy service componentsArmy Space Planning Group[11]1985–1986Army Space AgencyColorado Springs, Colorado1986–1988Army Space Command1988–August 1992Army Space and Strategic Defense CommandRedstone Arsenal, AlabamaAugust 1992–1 October 1998Army Space and Missile Defense CommandRedstone Arsenal, Alabama1 October 1997 – 1 October 2002Naval service componentsNaval Space CommandDahlgren, Virginia1 October 1985 – July 2002Naval Network Warfare CommandNorfolk, VirginiaJuly 2002 – 1 October 2002Air Force service componentsAir Force Space CommandPeterson Space Force Base, Colorado23 September 1985 – 23 March 1992Fourteenth Air ForceVandenberg Air Force Base, California23 March 1992 – 1 October 2002Strategic Defense InitiativeBrilliant Pebbleswere intended to intercept a ballistic missile in space

  The Reagan Administration'sStrategic Defense Initiativebrought a new focus on space. In 1983, GeneralJames V. Hartinger, the commander ofAerospace Defense CommandandAir Force Space Command, proposed movement towards a unified space command. The Air Force supported a unified command, which would be dominated by the aerospace service, however, the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps were satisfied with the current arrangement. However, the White House supported the Air Force's position that a unified command should be created, and on 20 November 1984, PresidentRonald Reaganapproved its establishment. U.S. Space Command's missions would include integrating tactical warning and space operations, including control of space, direction of space support activities, and planning for ballistic missile defense. U.S. Space Command would also replace Aerospace Defense Command as the supporting U.S. command to North American Aerospace Defense Command, sharing the same commander.[12]

  On 23 September 1985, U.S. Space Command was activated as a functional combatant command atPeterson Air Force Base, Colorado Springs and Aerospace Defense Command was inactivated on 19 December 1986. In February 1988, U.S. Space Command was assigned the ballistic missile defense mission in preparation for assuming operational command of the Strategic Defense Initiative. However, the end of the Cold War significantly reduced the investment in SDI.[12]

  In 1991, the Joint Chiefs of Staff debated establishing U.S. Strategic Command assume responsibility for nuclear deterrence, missile defense, and space. U.S. Space Command would have been made a sub-unified command under the U.S. Strategic Command. However, the decisive role played by U.S. Space Command in thePersian Gulf Warprevented its absorption into U.S. Strategic Command, providing tactical missile warning, GPS, and other space data to forces in theater.[12]

  Concept for a space-baseddirected energy weaponfromUnited States Space Command: A Vision for 2020

  In 1997, GeneralHowell M. Estes IIIproposed designating space as a geographic area of responsibility, transitioning U.S. Space Command from a functional to a geographic command. This effort was opposed by theJoint Staff, theState Department, and theNational Security Counciland did not occur. However, there was growing discussion about giving U.S. Space Command the mission for information support and renaming it to United States Space and Information Command. While U.S. Space Command was not renamed, it did assume responsibility for information, or cyberspace, operations.[12]

  Following theSeptember 11 attacks, there was a growing focus on homeland defense and counter-terrorism at the expense of space. The Defense Department was intent on establishingUnited States Northern Command, merging U.S. Space Command and U.S. Strategic Command in 2002. On 1 October 2002, the first U.S. Space Command was shut down.[13]

  Space in U.S. Strategic Command[edit]ASM-3launches from theUSSLake Erieas part ofOperation Burnt Frost

  On 1 October 2002, as U.S. Space Command inactivated, a newU.S. Strategic CommandatOffutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, stood up. Within STRATCOM, the responsibilities for space operations were initially managed by theJoint Functional Component Command for Space and Global Strike, led by the commander of the Air Force'sEighth Air Force.[14]However, in 2006, space regained its own functional component under U.S. Strategic Command, under the command of theFourteenth Air Forcecommanded.[13]

  Following the inactivation of U.S. Space Command in 2002, Russia and China began developing sophisticated on-orbit capabilities and an array of counter-space weapons. In particular, China conducted the2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test, destroying itsFengyunspacecraft, which, according toNASA, created 2,841 high-velocity debris items, a larger amount of dangerousspace junkthan any other space event in history.[15][16]In 2008, U.S. Strategic Command conductedOperation Burnt Frostto destroy a non-functioningNational Reconnaissance Officesatellite, before its toxic hydrazine tank could reenter and cause potential harm to human safety, with aRIM-161 Standard Missile 3launched from theUSSLake Erie.[17][18]

  This construct lasted until 2017, when the commander of Air Force Space Command became the Joint Force Space Component Commander, replacing it.[13]

  U.S. Space Command reestablished[edit]Left to right: USSPACECOM Commander GeneralJohn Raymond, Secretary of DefenseMark Esper, PresidentDonald Trumpand Vice PresidentMike Pencein theWhite House Rose Gardenfor the 2019 reestablishment signing ceremony

  The2019 National Defense Authorization Act, which was signed into law in 2018, directed the re-establishment[19]of U.S. Space Command as a sub-unified combatant command underU.S. Strategic Command; however, in December 2018, theTrump administrationdirected that U.S. Space Command instead be a newly established, full unified combatant command, with full responsibilities for space.[20][21]

  On March 26, 2019,U.S. Air ForceGeneralJohn Raymond[22]was nominated to be the commander of the second establishment of USSPACECOM, pendingSenateapproval.[19][23]In 2019 theDepartment of the Air Forcereleased the list of finalists for the location of Headquarters Space Command:Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station,Schriever Air Force Base,Peterson Air Force Base,Buckley Air Force Base,Vandenberg Air Force Base, andRedstone Arsenal.[24]U.S. Space Command was officially reestablished as a geographic combatant command on August 29, 2019, during a ceremony at theWhite House.[25][26]The formerJoint Force Space Component Commanderwas dissolved and folded into Space Command. Following the creation of theUnited States Space Forcein December 2019, theDepartment of the Air Forcewidened its search for a location of Space Command's permanent headquarters.[27]

  The U.S. Space Command Joint Operations Center

  USSPACECOM has two subordinate commands: Combined Force Space Component Command (CFSCC), and Joint Task Force Space Defense (JTF-SD).[28]CFSCC plans, integrates, conducts, and assesses global space operations in order to deliver combat relevant space capabilities to Combatant Commanders, Coalition partners, the Joint Force, and the Nation. JTF-SD conducts, in unified action with mission partners, space superiority operations to deter aggression, defend U.S. and allied interests, and defeat adversaries throughout thecontinuum of conflict.[2][28]

  In August 2020, In the meeting of the National Space Council, acting Director of National Intelligence announced ''in case of an attack on the U.S. satellites the operational control of intelligence community assets will be in the ambit of the military'', resulting in theNational Reconnaissance Officebeing operationally subordinated to the commander of U.S. Space Command in matters of space defense.[29]

  Air Forcepararescueteams practice recovery of a space capsuleLaunch of a U.S. ArmyGround-Based Interceptor

  On 24 August 2021, two years after its establishment, U.S. Space Command announced that it had reachedinitial operating capability.[30]Achievingfull operating capability, according to Lieutenant GeneralJohn E. Shaw, deputy commander of U.S. Space Command, is dependent on the selection of the combatant command's permanent headquarters.[31]

  U.S. Space Command is planning to reorganize its subordinate commands, possibly reactivating theJoint Force Space Component Command(JFSCC), the precursor organization of the combatant command. JFSSC is planned to be the combatant command's "primary warfighting command," formed by combining CFSCC and JTF–SD. Space Force Lieutenant GeneralStephen Whiting, commander of SpOC, is planned to lead the new organization.[32]

  In 2023, U.S. Space Command regained its responsibility for missile defense from U.S. Strategic Command and will be taking over theJoint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense.[33]

  Headquarters[edit]

  In January 2021, it was announced thatRedstone Arsenalin Huntsville, Alabama was the preferred final location for U.S. Space Command. The other locations in contention wereKirtland Air Force Base,Offutt Air Force Base,Joint Base San Antonio, its interim location atPeterson Space Force Base, andPatrick Space Force Base.[34]DespitePeterson Space Force Basein Colorado, being both the original and interim location of Space Command headquarters, Redstone Arsenal was selected, reportedly due to political pressure directly from then-president Donald Trump.[35]A formal review from theDoD IGwas initiated to ensure the process that selected Huntsville as the preferred location was impartial and factually sound. CurrentSecretary of Defense Lloyd Austincame out with his public support and backed the Department of the Air Force's decision process which resulted in the selection of Redstone Arsenal.[36]In May 2022, the review found that the selection of Redstone Arsenal as the permanent site was reasonable and justified.[37][38]In July 2023, the move to Huntsville was cancelled. Gen. James Dickinson, Commander of the Space Command, argued that moving the headquarters to Alabama from its current location in Colorado Springs would hurt military readiness. Republicans have accused the offeren administration of acting out of spite due to a partisan standoff over the Pentagon's abortion access policies at the components[40]
  United States Space Forces – Space
  Combined Joint Force Space Component Commander (CJFSCC)Plans, integrates, conducts, and assesses global space operations in order to deliver combat relevant space effects, in, from, and to spaceVandenberg Space Force Base, CaliforniaArmy Space and Missile Defense CommandDevelop and provide Army space, missile defense, and high altitude forcesRedstone Arsenal, AlabamaMarine Corps Forces Space CommandProvides space operational support to theFleet Marine ForcePeterson Space Force Base, ColoradoNavy Space CommandResponsible for Navy information network operations, offensive and defensive cyberspace operations, space operations and signals intelligenceFort Meade, MarylandAir Forces SpaceEnsures the aerospace control and air defense of the continental United States, U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto RicoTyndall Air Force Base, FloridaFunctional components[40]Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile DefenseSynchronizes global missile defense planningSchriever Space Force Base, ColoradoCombined Space Operations Center(subordinated to SPACEFOR–SPACE)Execute operational command and control of space forces to achieve theater and global objectives.[41]Vandenberg Space Force Base, CaliforniaJoint Navigation Warfare Center(subordinate to SPACEFOR–SPACE)Enable positioning, navigation and timing superiority[42]Kirtland Air Force Base, New MexicoJoint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center(subordinate to SPACEFOR–SPACE)Conduct integrated mission management to optimize the overhead persistent infrared enterprise[43]Buckley Space Force Base, ColoradoMissile Warning Center(subordinate to SPACEFOR–SPACE)Delivers global strategic and theater missile warning and nuclear detonation detection[44]Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station, ColoradoNational Space Defense Center(subordinate to SPACEFOR–SPACE)Coordinates military, intelligence, civil, and commercial space for unified space defense operations[45]Schriever Space Force Base, ColoradoJoint Force Headquarters Cyber - Air ForceCyber support fromU.S. Cyber Command[46]Joint Base San Antonio, Texas

  Previous, now-deactivated functional components included theCombined Force Space Component CommandatVandenberg Space Force Base, California, and theJoint Task Force–Space DefenseatSchriever Space Force Base, Colorado. Both were disestablished with the creation of U.S. Space Forces – Space to take on SpOC's Space Force responsibilities.[47]

  Relationship with the United States Space Force[edit]

  United States Space Command is theunified combatant commandfor all military space operations, while theUnited States Space Forceis the military service responsible for organizing, training, and equipping the majority of forces for U.S. Space Command. Space Command's Space Force service component isSpace Operations Command, providing the majority of space forces.[48]U.S. Space Command also consists of smaller amounts of forces from theUnited States Army,United States Marine Corps,United States Navy, andUnited States Air Force. This mirrors the relationship between the Space Force's predecessor,Air Force Space Command, and U.S. Space Command (and between 2002 and 2019,United States Strategic Command).[49]

  Emblem and symbols[edit]Seals of United States Space Command and its predecessors
  • U.S. Space Command (2019–present)
  • Joint Force Space Component Commander (2017–2019)
  • Joint Functional Component Command for Space (2006–2017)
  • U.S. Space Command (1985–2002)
  U.S. Space Command seal (2019)[edit]

  Shield: Thebald eagle, a traditional symbol of American strength and vigilance, carries an olive branch in his right talon, symbolizing the worldwide goal of peaceful operations in space. In his left talon is a cluster of thirteen arrows with the silver delta as arrowheads, indicative of the strength and power necessary to protect our citizens and allies. Thedelta symbolis historically associated with space and represents change and innovation, and the cluster of deltoids thrusting upward into space signifies our ever growing aspirations in space beyond earth’s orbit. The blue globe with silver land masses, as viewed from space, signifies the origin and control point for all space assets and represents the global operations of the command in mission areas such as surveillance, navigation, communications and missile warning. The silver and white Polaris signifies our constant presence and vigilance in space now and in the future. Encompassing the globe are two white elliptical orbits representing the unity of U.S. Space Command with our joint and combined partners, and which intersect over the United States, the terrestrial heart of the command. An arc of four silver stars above the eagle symbolizes the four-star combatant commander of U.S. Space Command. The black background represents the infinity of space.

  Seal: The coat of arms as blazoned in full color on a black disk, bearing the night sky, enclosed by a silver border, and inscribed “UNITED STATES” above and “SPACE COMMAND” below, all silver.

  Army element shoulder sleeve and distinctive unit insignia[edit]Army element insignia
  • Shoulder Sleeve Insignia
  • Distinctive Unit Insignia
  Shoulder sleeve insignia[edit]

  Black and gold together symbolize the United States Army. Black signifies the vast infinity of space and gold denotes high standards for excellence. The demi-globe represents the earth as seen from space and symbolizes the global operations of the command. The crossed orbital rings denote the unity of United States Space Command (USSPACECOM) with joint and combined partners. The rings intersect over the United States, identifying the terrestrial heart of the command. The gold pheon represents the combat power of Army Space. Four stars represent the four-star combatant commander of USSPACECOM. The Polaris star signifies constant presence and vigilance in space now and into the future.[50]

  Distinctive unit insignia[edit]

  Black and gold together symbolize the United States Army. Black signifies the vast infinity of space and gold denotes high standards for excellence. The demi-globe represents the earth as seen from space and symbolizes the global operations of the command. The crossed orbital rings denote the unity of United States Space Command (USSPACECOM) with joint and combined partners. The gold pheon represents the combat power of Army Space. Four stars represent the four-star combatant commander of USSPACECOM. The Polaris star signifies constant presence and vigilance in space now and into the future. The motto translates to, “MUD TO SPACE.”[51]

  Locations[edit]

  Locations in thecontiguous United States.

  BuckleyCheyenne Space Command locations.

  U.S. Space Force Base
  

  U.S. Air Force Base
  

  U.S. Army Base
  

  U.S. Space Command locationsNameLocationStateMajor USSPACECOM unit emblemMajor USSPACECOM unitOther USSPACECOM unitsBuckley Space Force BaseAuroraColoradoJoint Overhead Persistent Infrared CenterKirtland Air Force BaseAlbuquerqueNew MexicoJoint Navigation Warfare CenterFort MeadeFort MeadeMarylandNavy Space CommandPeterson Space Force BaseColorado SpringsColoradoUnited States Space CommandMarine Corps Forces Space CommandRedstone ArsenalHuntsvilleAlabamaArmy Space and Missile Defense CommandSchriever Space Force BaseColorado SpringsColoradoNational Space Defense CenterTyndall Air Force BasePanama CityFloridaAir Forces SpaceVandenberg Space Force BaseLompocCaliforniaUnited States Space Forces – SpaceCombined Space Operations CenterCheyenne Mountain Space Force StationCheyenne MountainColoradoMissile Warning CenterList of commanders[edit]Main article:Leadership of the United States Space Command

  Note:The numeric order of the commanders were reset due to the second establishment being considered a different command than the first.

  No.CommanderTermService branchPortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTerm lengthCommander–in–Chief, United States Space Command1General
  Robert T. Herres23 September 1985[52]6 February 19871year, 136days
  U.S. Air Force2General
  John L. Piotrowski6 February 198730 March 1990[53][54]3years, 84days
  U.S. Air Force3General
  Donald J. Kutyna1 April 199030 June 19922years, 60days
  U.S. Air Force4General
  Chuck Horner30 June 199213 September 19942years, 75days
  U.S. Air Force5General
  Joseph W. Ashy13 September 199426 August 19961year, 348days
  U.S. Air Force6General
  Howell M. Estes III26 August 199614 August 19981year, 353days
  U.S. Air Force7General
  Richard B. Myers14 August 199822 February 20001year, 192days
  U.S. Air Force8General
  Ralph Eberhart22 February 20001 October 20022years, 221days
  U.S. Air ForceCommander, United States Space Command1General
  John W. Raymond29 August 201920 August 2020357days
  U.S. Space Force2General
  James H. Dickinson20 August 202010 January 20243years, 143days
  U.S. Army3General
  Stephen Whiting10 January 2024Incumbent108days
  U.S. Space Force

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