\"Exposed Tammany Hall\" Charles Henry Parkhurst Clipped Signature For Sale

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\"Exposed Tammany Hall\" Charles Henry Parkhurst Clipped Signature:
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for sale "Exposed Tammany Hall" Charles Henry Parkhurst Clipped Signature. 

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Charles Henry Parkhurst (April

17, 1842 – September 8, 1933) was an American clergyman and social reformer,

born in Framingham, Massachusetts. Although

scholarly and reserved, he preached two sermons in 1892 in which he attacked

the political corruption of New York City government.

Backed by the evidence he collected, his statements led to both the exposure

of Tammany Hall and to subsequent social and

political reforms. He was born on a farm on April 17, 1842 in Framingham, Massachusetts. Parkhurst

did not attend a formal school until he was twelve. Despite this, he showed a

strong interest in education and graduated from Amherst in

1866. He became principal of the high school in Amherst in 1867. He married

Ellen Bodman on November 23, 1870, she being one of his former 1869, and became a professor at

the Williston Seminary in Easthampton, Massachusetts, in 1870–1871. After

further studies in Leipzig in 1872–1873, he was ordained as a Presbyterian minister.

He was pastor of a congregational church at Lenox, Massachusetts, from 1874 until

1880, when he was called to the Madison

Square Presbyterian Church, New York City, where he served from 1880

to 1918. Interested in municipal affairs, Parkhurst was elected president of

the New York Society for

the Prevention of Crime in 1891, and he challenged the methods

of the city police department. He

inaugurated a campaign against the political and social corruption of Tammany

Hall. The hall had begun innocently as a social club, but had drifted into

politics and graft. It acquired a lock on elections in

the city, and its bosses protected crime and vice in Manhattan and

surrounding boroughs. Grand jury investigations were ineffective, despite the

appeals of social reformers. Few in Parkhurst's congregation recognized that

Tammany Hall, the police, and organized crime were interconnected. On February

14, 1892, he challenged Tammany Hall from the pulpit. Pointing to the hall's

political influence and their connection with the police, he noted that men fed

upon the city while pretending to protect it saying, While we fight iniquity,

they shield and patronize it; while we try to convert criminals, they

manufacture them ...

— Parkhurst on Tammany Hall corruption

When the municipal grand jury asked him for

hard evidence, Parkhurst personally hired a private detective and, with his

friend John Erving, went to the streets in disguise to collect proof of the

corruption. From the pulpit on March 13, 1892, he preached a sermon backed with

documentation and affidavits. Parkhurst's campaign led to the appointment of

the Lexow Committee to investigate conditions,

and to the election of a reform mayor in 1894. Although Tammany Hall did

publicly clean house, it remained influential on both the political front and

in organized crime until the 1950s. 

"Exposed Tammany Hall" Charles Henry Parkhurst Clipped Signature

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